科研亮点|孙爽:大凌河流域输沙量变化及其控制因素的定量化研究
2023-06-09 发布: 点击:229次
识别河流沉积物输运机制对于可持续管控河流-三角洲生态系统具有重大意义。但是,对于全球河流体系的研究往往忽略了山溪性小河流,这些河流向海洋输送沉积物高达全球河流的45%,同时在极端气候发生时,这些河流的泥沙量和径流量具有瞬时增大的特性。但对于此河流体系沉积物输运的驱动机制还是不全面的。
针对上述科学问题,海洋学院博士生孙爽在导师胡克教授和李琰副教授的指导下,以中国东北部温带山溪性河流—大凌河为例,定量研究过去50年降水、植被和水库对大凌河流域以及流域各区域泥沙量变化的贡献度。主要认识如下:
(1)1980-2015较1961-1979年,大凌河流域的沉积物通量减少了78.55%,降雨、植被覆盖度以及水库对沉积物通量变化的贡献度分别为:18.3%,61.1%,20.6%;
(2)大凌河流域86.72%的植被因地形坡度特征,高效地拦截了大量泥沙,减少传输至水库的泥沙量,所以在大凌河流域,植被对河流沉积物输运的影响强于水库;
(3)大凌河流域从上游至下游,植被覆盖度对沉积物通量的影响呈增加趋势,主要是由于从上游到下游,地势平缓,植被有更充足的时间拦截泥沙。
Fig. 1. Study area showing the elevations, distribution of hydro-meteorological stations, large-medium reservoirs in the Daling River Basin (a), the map of lithology (b), slope gradient (c), annual average NDVI from 1982 to 2015 (d), and vegetation types (d). The Daling River basin is divided into SWP, CY, and YX regions from upstream to downstream by the boundary lines which are drawn according to the control area of hydrology stations and the flow directions of tributaries.
Fig. 2. Temporal variations for annual sediment flux (Qs), runoff (Q), and precipitation (P) in the DRB and its subregions.
Fig. 3. Contributions of precipitation (P), vegetation coverage (NDVI), and reservoirs (UF) to sediment flux variations in the DRB and its subregions by the PDA method. DRB2 is the result obtained by the multiple double mass curves.
上述研究成果发表在中科院top期刊《CATENA》上:Sun, Zhu, Hu et al., (2022). Quantitatively distinguishing the factors driving sediment flux variations in the Daling River Basin, North China. CATENA. 212: 106094 (IF=6.367, 中科院top期刊).